Chesapeake Energy Corp.’s departing chief executive officer will leave to his successor a shrunken, cash-starved version of what was once the pre-eminent natural gas producer in the world’s biggest market for the fuel.
Aubrey McClendon’s agreement to resign effective April 1 culminated a shareholder revolt by Carl Icahn and Southeastern Asset Management Inc.’s O. Mason Hawkins that earlier had cost the CEO the chairmanship he’d held for more than two decades.
McClendon also relinquished his annual bonus and saw executive perks curtailed amid federal investigations of a portfolio of personal loans that topped $840 million.
Chesapeake lost as much as 43 percent of its market value in 2012 as scrutiny of McClendon’s financial transactions destroyed investor confidence in management and falling gas prices drained the company of cash. Unfinished tasks facing the next CEO include raising $8 billion from asset sales this year to plug a funding shortfall, and converting a company that pumps enough gas to supply 20 percent of American household demand into an oil producer.
Under McClendon, the company had become a big investor in the Utica shale deposits in Ohio, too.
“Companies have life cycles and during various stages it can make sense for some people to leave,” said Philip Weiss, an analyst at Argus Research Corp. in New York. “Aubrey McClendon was very good at accumulating land but now that Chesapeake is moving into an asset-harvesting mode, they must have decided they needed someone with another set of skills.”
An internal board investigation of McClendon’s use of his stakes in thousands of company-owned wells to secure personal loans so far has found nothing improper, Chesapeake said.
Archie Dunham, the former ConocoPhillips chief who replaced McClendon as chairman in June, thanked the outgoing CEO for his “enormous achievements,” in an email to employees. The company isn’t for sale and employee perks such as on-site childcare and a fitness center at the company’s Oklahoma City headquarters won’t be discontinued, Dunham wrote.
In a separate email to Chesapeake employees, McClendon attributed his imminent departure to “certain philosophical differences” between him and the board without elaborating. Dunham and McClendon declined to be interviewed for this story, according to Michael Kehs, a Chesapeake spokesman.
Icahn and Hawkins, who together control 22 percent of Chesapeake’s stock, pushed for McClendon’s resignation after concluding his presence and the controversy surrounding his personal business deals was hurting the company’s share price, a person with knowledge of the discussions said. Icahn and Hawkins didn’t immediately respond to messages.
Building an empire
McClendon, 53, led Chesapeake from its 1989 inception in Oklahoma City, amassing U.S. gas and oil fields that cover an area equivalent to half the size of New York state. As one of the first explorers to embrace horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking, McClendon helped usher in a revival of U.S. gas and oil production with discoveries such as the Haynesville shale in Louisiana and Utica in Ohio.
The success of the drilling methods led to a glut of North American gas that drove prices to a 10-year low in early 2012, causing Chesapeake to cut jobs, curtail capital spending and sell about $11 billion in oilfields and pipelines to help close a gap between cash flow and drilling expenses. The company lost $1.07 billion during the first three quarters of last year and net debt ballooned by 56 percent during that period to $16.1 billion.
The board will release final results of its review of McClendon’s financial transactions on Feb. 21, when announcing fourth-quarter results.
“While I have certain philosophical differences with the new board, I look forward to working collaboratively with the company and the board to provide a smooth transition to new leadership,” McClendon said in the statement.
McClendon’s departure under a mutual agreement with the board will be treated as a “termination without cause” rather than a retirement, said a person with knowledge of his departure terms, who spoke on the condition that he not be identified.
Those terms will entitle McClendon to compensation including $34 million in accelerated vesting of restricted stock that he was awarded previously, and about $12 million in cash severance and benefits to be paid out over four years, the person said.
A retirement before Dec. 31 of this year, according to a May filing detailing severance terms, would have required McClendon to repay part of a special $75 million cash payment the company awarded him in 2008. The “clawback” would be worth about $11 million based on an April departure, according to a formula disclosed in the filing.
Based on the terms of a termination without cause, Chesapeake won’t collect any clawbacks from McClendon in connection with his resignation, the person with knowledge of the matter said.
Lower prices take toll
Chesapeake lagged U.S. energy producers such as Devon Energy Corp. in shifting rigs from gas fields to higher-profit oil prospects, leaving the company more vulnerable to slumping gas prices.
“You can be the smartest guys in the room but you may be in the wrong room,” McClendon said during a March interview in a restaurant on the company’s Oklahoma City campus. “It’s not enough to be the smartest guys in the room. Sometimes you have to be hungry, sometimes you have to be lucky, and you have to be open to change.”
McClendon’s fall from grace began in April after media reports spotlighted personal loans he obtained using minority stakes in company-owned wells that he had been allowed to gather for his private portfolio. Chesapeake stock lost 20 percent of its value that month as scrutiny of McClendon’s personal transactions compounded the impact of free-falling prices on a company whose output was more than 80 percent gas.
Under an executive perk designed to align McClendon’s personal interests with those of the company, the CEO acquired stakes as large as 2.5 percent in almost every well Chesapeake drilled during the past 24 years. McClendon took out loans backed by his well stakes to fund his portion of costs. At the end of 2011, he owed $846 million on those loans, the company reported on April 26.
Some of the loans came from companies that were involved in separate financial transactions with Chesapeake. The Internal Revenue Service and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission began probes.
In addition to deposing McClendon from the chairmanship, Icahn and Hawkins installed new board members to intensify oversight of a management team that outspent cash flow in 19 of the past 21 years. Chesapeake said last year it would halt the well-investment program at the center of McClendon’s loan portfolio next year rather than the original termination date at the end of 2015.
“Aubrey has every right to be proud of the company he has built, the world-class team of people at Chesapeake and the collection of assets he has assembled, which in my opinion, are the best portfolio of energy assets in the country,” Icahn said in a statement after McClendon’s announcement.
McClendon raised more than $30 billion since 2008 selling burgeoning shale assets to companies including Exxon Mobil Corp., Paris-based Total SA and Cnooc Ltd., China’s largest offshore energy producer.
“I have the utmost confidence in you and the company’s future and I will always treasure the time we have spent together building Chesapeake into the unique and dynamic company that it is today,” McClendon said in his email to employees.