WASHINGTON: Chairman Ben Bernanke ended weeks of speculation Wednesday by saying the Federal Reserve will likely slow its bond-buying program later this year and end it next year if the economy continues to improve.
The Fed’s bond purchases have helped keep long-term interest rates at record lows. A pullback would likely lead to higher rates on mortgages and other consumer and business loans.
Bernanke said the reductions would occur in “measured steps” and that the purchases could end by the middle of next year. By then, he said he thought unemployment would be around 7 percent.
The chairman likened any reduction in the Fed’s $85 billion-a-month in bond purchases to a driver letting up on a gas pedal rather than applying the brakes. He stressed that even after the Fed ends its bond purchases, it will continue to maintain its vast investment portfolio, which will help keep long-term rates down.
The ultra-low borrowing rates have been credited with helping fuel a housing comeback, supporting economic growth, driving stocks to record highs and restoring the wealth America lost to the recession in 2007-09.
Some investors worry that higher rates will cause investors to shift money out of stocks and into higher-yielding bonds. Others fear that the economy might not be ready to absorb higher rates and that consumers and businesses could pull back on borrowing.
The Fed issued an updated economic forecast, which sketched a brighter outlook. It said the “downside risks to the outlook” had diminished since fall.
Bernanke spoke at a news conference after the Fed ended a two-day policy meeting. After the meeting, the Fed voted to continue the pace of its bond-buying program for now.
Timothy Duy, a University of Oregon economist who tracks the Fed, called the statement “an open door for scaling back asset purchases as early as September.”
The fact that the Fed foresees less downside risk to the job market “gives them a reason to pull back” on its bond purchases, Duy said.
In its statement Wednesday, the Fed said it would maintain its plan to keep short-term rates at record lows at least until unemployment reaches 6.5 percent.
The Fed also released its latest economic projections Wednesday. Fed officials predicted that unemployment will fall a little faster this year, to 7.2 percent or 7.3 percent at the end of 2013 from 7.6 percent now. They think the rate will be between 6.5 percent and 6.8 percent by the end of 2014, better than its previous projection of 6.7 percent to 7 percent.
The Fed also said inflation was running below its 2 percent long-run objective, but noted that temporary factors were partly the reason. It said inflation could run as low as 0.8 percent this year. But it predicts it will pick up next year to between 1.4 percent and 2 percent.
“The more upbeat tone and the change in the unemployment forecast will only encourage expectations for action soon,” Jim O’Sullivan, chief U.S. economist at High Frequency Economics, wrote in a research note. “We continue to believe that tapering could start at the Sept. 17-18 meeting.”
Bernanke declined to address speculation that he will step down as Fed chairman when his term ends in January.
He was asked to respond to comments Monday by President Barack Obama, who said Bernanke had already stayed longer than planned. The president’s remarks added to expectations that Bernanke intends to step down.
Bernanke avoided the question.
Financial markets had been gyrating in the four weeks since Bernanke told Congress that the Fed might scale back its effort to keep long-term rates at record lows within “the next few meetings” — earlier than many had assumed.
The Fed announced after its September meeting that it would buy $40 billion a month in mortgage bonds for as long as it deemed necessary. And in December, the Fed expanded the program to $85 billion a month, adding $45 billion a month in Treasury bond purchases. The Treasury purchases replaced an expiring bond-purchase program.
Job growth picked up after the Fed announced the latest round of bond purchases. Since October, the economy has added an average of 196,500 jobs a month, up from 157,000 a month in the previous eight months. Last month, the U.S. economy added a solid 175,000 jobs. But the unemployment rate is still high at 7.6 percent.